ABC Home Electrician

Who has not faced with all sorts of problems in the home associated with electrical wiring? To solve some of them would not necessarily call an electrician. For example, change the socket or hang the chandelier will at a minimum of tools and the efforts of almost every owner who has basic knowledge in physics and a sufficient understanding of safety.Pioneer flat screen television and panasonic 42 plasma tv reviews Component Cable for flat tv. |

The problem of reliable electrical relevant not only during installation of new wiring or repair old ones. With short circuit, faulty sockets, switches and electrical appliances have to face very often. In connection with a vigilant progress of modern man seeks to acquire all kinds of equipment. The question arises, where and how to connect a particular device, especially the power equipment of large capacity, consuming a lot of energy (electric cookers, washing machines, microwave ovens).

In addition, sometimes just want to replace the outdated sockets and switches on a variety of multi-functional know-how (for example, the switch with a timer or a regulator of smooth power lighting). And if the complex work such as installation of electrical wiring, without skilled and serious equipment can not dispense, then remove the small devices can malfunction almost everyone. Of course, with a current to be trifled with, they can drive in even fatal. Therefore, to repair all that is associated with high voltage, should be approached with great caution. You need to know a lot of nuances that the system wiring and appliances function correctly and does not pose a threat to human life.

"Henchmen" Tools

Without what not to do with the elimination of minor faults in the wiring or apparatus, it is without a screwdriver, knife, pliers, wire cutters and electrical tape. Other tools for the simplest work in principle, interchangeable.

Screwdriver must be at least three: a cross, straight, and the indicator. You can get by with fewer screwdrivers, if a universal tool to get different types of nozzles. The cross and straight screwdrivers are designed for untwisting of different types of screws. Indicator - is required to work with electricity, as it is conducted with the help of diagnostic wires "prozvanivaetsya" phase, it is determined whether there is tension in the wires. The handle of the screwdriver is equipped with a special neon bulb - in contact with the workers to hold it shines, and if not lit, the voltage is absent. Before that any repair should certainly make sure that the network is de-energized. Replace a screwdriver can only tester - a device for determining the amperage, voltage and resistance. This device is mainly used by professional electricians, domestic economy is quite indicator screwdriver.

When loosening of screws in many devices, as well as for the safe containment of wires in the process of implementation of various repair works will need pliers. Trim the wires and cables are easier forceps. Sometimes it is very useful kruglogubtsy, they are easily and quickly attach rounded ends of the cut wires, which greatly simplifies the further connection with each other through terminals.

There are also special knives for removing insulation from wires, which do not damage the conductor. Freezing them handle the situation provides the cable needed for proper cutting of the insulating coating. If such a knife in the house no, it does not matter, you can use the cutter.

In some cases, to connect wirelessly with each other during the installation of electrical appliances or to restore the damaged wires using soldering iron.

Perhaps, that's all guns, without which it can not do with minor repairs or installing some electrical equipment. The most important requirement for any tools used when working with electricity: it handles should be necessarily covered with insulating materials to protect people from electric shock. It is very important, as the above instruments is sometimes necessary to work under stress. Usually, the presence of insulating materials in a product says special marking, indicating some degree of protection. In addition, forbidden to work with electrical with wet hands.

All of the above parts and accessories from the set of "house electrician" fairly universal. Purchase necessary equipment to repair electricians can be in any economic or specialized shop, which sells tools, and even on the market. The market operate companies engaged exclusively selling Electrical, Electrical, appropriate tools and providing electrical services. As for the wiring throughout the home or creating additional outlets, you can do the above instruments, of course, will not suffice.

In this case it is necessary to take into account many of the nuances of the building, perform complex calculations and use of additional equipment with more serious "twists" hand drill or drill, detectors for detecting the internal cable wiring, from Bulgaria, spatulas, analyzers, etc. The layout and wiring should be done with other repair work, only then will we achieve the maximum practical effect and design: sockets and switches to accommodate the necessary and convenient locations, and will hide the wires properly, and will not spoil and interior decoration. Better, of course, to entrust this work to professionals.

"Electrodiagnosis" and fix problems

The most frequently encountered with such problems: the lights went out, broke a light bulb, not to join a vacuum cleaner, washing machine, kettle. And this is not always possible to immediately understand why suddenly stopped working one or the other device. The reason may lie in the closure of the network, damaged some wires in the wiring or the appliance itself, damage outlet or switch.

When the closure is usually triggered fuses or turn off the protective device (RCD) in the control panel. This device, unfortunately, not available at the counters of the old model (with ceramic stoppers), and if the latter are beginning to spark, you must immediately call the master, that he cut down the light in the total panel homes and corrected the breakage.

However, some faults in the circuit in the wiring can be eliminated most (of course, when off tabletops). Hearth circuit is usually found on the overheating of wires in a certain place, burning, sparking. When, for example, peremknuli terminals and screws, and two separate wires randomly connected, they should only be separated and isolated from each other. Faults sockets and switches are also found on the heat or sparking.

In cases where the cause is not visible, useful indicator screwdriver. It helps you find a wire that does not work. If you touch an instrument to one of the wires in the electrical circuit light bulb illuminates a screwdriver, the reason for failure in the home, but not in the network. If the lamp is not lit, it means that somewhere a damaged cable. By the way, when using the indicator with a screwdriver, despite its isolated knob, you must limit attention. Accidentally touching the working part of the screwdriver to the two wires at the same time, you arrange a short circuit.

Termination in the open electrical wiring in some cases can be detected and corrected himself: unite the damaged wires, providing a reliable contact, and then insulated with insulating tape. In some cases, replacing old wires with new ones.

Before you connect the wires, you should mop up their ends of the insulation, using either a knife or cutter. The most convenient way to connect the wires (and for the fixation of copper with aluminum in general only) - mount with terminals. They are made from materials with good electrical conductivity. Terminals come in different species. Winding is a cavity or one or two plates. They are inserted on both sides of the wires, which are then clamped by screws. Mandatory condition connection with such a device: the wire should not touch each other. Spring-loaded terminals attach springy wire clips. You can connect the wires, soldered, they each other. This is a more laborious method, and apply it can not always. First, the solder in the home can only copper wire. Method of soldering can be used if there is no possibility to use terminals (say, from under the plaster sticking too short piece of wire, which is not easily obtainable, and its length is not enough to connect the terminal). Solder wires in three ways: combining butt, overlapped, and by twisting.

In a hidden network (in walls, floors, ceilings, etc.) can find fault, only an expert with special equipment. Nor should we try to repair the broken sockets, plugs and switches are usually beyond repair, so better to buy new.

Before any repair and installation Switch off the current to the control panel. If you know which button, what room is de-energized, not necessarily to turn off electricity in the home. If the relevant pointers to shield there, you can independently verify all "combined pairs and mark switches properly.

Caring for the new device

Many appliances and devices operate with high power, and not every outlet or network can handle the load. In some old houses still stand on the counters 10 A, designed to power up to 2,2 kW. At the same time, only one of modern washing machines should be 2 kW. It is clear that without replacing the computer, nothing to install, will not work. It is important to correctly measure the energy needs of appliances with the possibilities of electricity. On the consumer box on each of the mirrors listed the values of voltage and current (6.3 A and 250 B). If the total power of both devices will be included more than the limit of power plugs (1575 W = 6,3 A x 220 V), will work fuses, and shut down electricity in the apartment. Therefore important to calculate in advance, Will the machine all the included hardware.

In addition, for each device requires the corresponding socket. All are designed for domestic amperage 6,3 or 10 A, and therefore, they can connect devices with a total capacity 1386 Tues to connect more powerful devices require so-called evrorozetki 16 A (stand 3520 watts). Imported sockets also have a wider opening for the pin plugs - 4.8 mm in diameter (domestic - 4 mm).

Many of the devices (such as washing machines, refrigerators, heaters, computers, etc.) must necessarily be grounded. Otherwise, any damage to insulation in the wiring device can ungrounded electric shock. Modern household appliances are usually equipped with a fork with zero protective conductor. It is attached to a grounded outlet, which is different from the usual presence of a third grounding prong. Equipment must be earthed to ground zero the protective conductor, it connects to a special terminal in the panel. If the shield in the apartment does not have vanish terminals, it is necessary to pave the highway from the panel in the stairwell. And in any case do not connect the grounding wire to the zero-pipe central heating, plumbing and even more to gas mains.

In addition, when installing security devices must necessarily take into account the cross-section diameter of the wire. For small values of the strength of the current cross-section of copper wire should be not less than 1 mm2And aluminum - 2 mm2. At sufficiently large currents, line size chosen by the connected power. Usually based on the fact that the load value of 1 kW requires 1,57 mm2section of the vein. Hence the approximate values of cross sections of wire, to be followed in selecting its diameter. For aluminum wire is 5 A for 1 mm2For copper-8 A to 1 mm2. Note from a number of preferred values of cross sections (0.75, 1, 1,5, 2,5, 4, 6 mm2 etc.) for aluminum wire section selected at step higher than for copper, because their conductivity is approximately 62% conductivity copper.

For example, if the estimated amount needed for the copper cross-section 2,5 mm2, Then for aluminum should be taken 4 mm2If the same for copper to 4 mm2, For aluminum - 6 mm2 etc. Room apartment or house numerous electrical appliances requires a multitude of different wires and cables, on the selection and placement of which we should think in advance.